Convection-enhanced delivery of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand with systemic administration of temozolomide prolongs survival in an intracranial glioblastoma xenograft model.

Although tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a potent activator of cell death, preferentially killing neoplastic cells over normal cells, the efficacy of TRAIL for the treatment of glioma might be limited due to cellular resistance and, importantly, poor distribution after systemic administration. TRAIL and temozolomide (TMZ) were recently shown to have a synergistic antitumor effect against U87MG glioma cells in vitro. Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) can effectively distribute TRAIL protein throughout a brain tumor mass. In this study, we evaluated CED of TRAIL, alone and in conjunction with systemic TMZ administration, for antitumor efficacy. CED of TRAIL demonstrated safe and effective distribution in both normal brain and a U87MG intracranial xenograft model. Individually, both CED of TRAIL and systemic TMZ administration prolonged survival in tumor-bearing rats. However, the combination of these two treatments was significantly more effective than either treatment alone. CED of TRAIL in conjunction with systemic TMZ treatment is a promising strategy for the treatment of malignant gliomas.