Smoking and sleep disorders.

Cigarette smoking is the most important cause of preventable disease, disability, and premature death in the United States. In addition to adverse effects on respiratory, cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and other systems, accumulating evidence indicates that cigarette smoking may also increase morbidity by adversely affecting sleep. This article focuses on the effects of cigarette smoking, nicotine, and pharmacologic agents used for smoking cessation on neuronal systems regulating sleep and clinically apparent sleep disorders.