Cutaneous leishmaniasis: The prospects for a killed vaccine.

Of the various protozoal diseases for which vaccines are under development, cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), in spite o f its chronic nature, may provide the best candidate for success. Stringent experimental models are available for both new and old world CL, human studies have been conducted for several years, and there is now considerable experience in using both attenuated and killed vaccines. In this article, Chuck Greenblatt discusses this experience, showing how it has led to current WHO-TDR plans for field trials of killed vaccines followed by virulent challenge (as used in Iran in the practice of 'leishmanization').