T Kubica1, S Rüsch-Gerdes, S Niemann. 1. Forschungszentrum Borstel, National Reference Center for Mycobacteria, Borstel, Germany. tkubica@fz-borstel.de
Abstract
SETTING: Germany, 1995 to 2001. OBJECTIVE: To determine the genetic relationship of 451 multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains from Germany and to identify strains of the Beijing genotype. DESIGN: All strains were analysed using IS6110 fingerprinting and a cluster analysis was performed. Clustering of isolates was used as a measure for recent transmission. RESULTS: Two hundred and fourteen of 433 strains (49.4%) with more than four IS6110 copies formed 46 fingerprint clusters comprising two to 32 patients. Transmission links based on classical epidemiological data could be established for 39 cases (18.2%) and in 14 clusters (30.4%), and included three cases of exogenous reinfection with MDR strains. One hundred and seventy-five strains (38.8%) were of the Beijing genotype with an increasing annual proportion from 19.2% in 1995 to 58.3% in 2001. About 70% of these patients had an indication of foreign birth, mainly the former Soviet Union. CONCLUSION: Transmission of MDR strains seems to be contributing to the spread of MDR-TB in Germany, and exogenous reinfection with MDR strains must be considered as a possible cause of treatment failure. A high proportion of these MDR strains is probably carried over from the former Soviet Union, and strains of the Beijing genotype represent an increasing cause of MDR-TB in Germany.
SETTING: Germany, 1995 to 2001. OBJECTIVE: To determine the genetic relationship of 451 multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains from Germany and to identify strains of the Beijing genotype. DESIGN: All strains were analysed using IS6110 fingerprinting and a cluster analysis was performed. Clustering of isolates was used as a measure for recent transmission. RESULTS: Two hundred and fourteen of 433 strains (49.4%) with more than four IS6110 copies formed 46 fingerprint clusters comprising two to 32 patients. Transmission links based on classical epidemiological data could be established for 39 cases (18.2%) and in 14 clusters (30.4%), and included three cases of exogenous reinfection with MDR strains. One hundred and seventy-five strains (38.8%) were of the Beijing genotype with an increasing annual proportion from 19.2% in 1995 to 58.3% in 2001. About 70% of these patients had an indication of foreign birth, mainly the former Soviet Union. CONCLUSION: Transmission of MDR strains seems to be contributing to the spread of MDR-TB in Germany, and exogenous reinfection with MDR strains must be considered as a possible cause of treatment failure. A high proportion of these MDR strains is probably carried over from the former Soviet Union, and strains of the Beijing genotype represent an increasing cause of MDR-TB in Germany.
Authors: Ingrid Filliol; Alifiya S Motiwala; Magali Cavatore; Weihong Qi; Manzour Hernando Hazbón; Miriam Bobadilla del Valle; Janet Fyfe; Lourdes García-García; Nalin Rastogi; Christophe Sola; Thierry Zozio; Marta Inírida Guerrero; Clara Inés León; Jonathan Crabtree; Sam Angiuoli; Kathleen D Eisenach; Riza Durmaz; Moses L Joloba; Adrian Rendón; José Sifuentes-Osornio; Alfredo Ponce de León; M Donald Cave; Robert Fleischmann; Thomas S Whittam; David Alland Journal: J Bacteriol Date: 2006-01 Impact factor: 3.490
Authors: Susan L Baldwin; Valerie A Reese; Po-Wei D Huang; Elyse A Beebe; Brendan K Podell; Steven G Reed; Rhea N Coler Journal: Clin Vaccine Immunol Date: 2015-12-09