Pharmacokinetics of valproate and carbamazepine.

Over the past 10 years, knowledge gained about the pharmacokinetic profiles of valproate and carbamazepine has increased the clinical effectiveness of their use. Much of the information has been gained through their use as successful antiepileptic medications. As these agents begin to play an increasing role as mood-stabilizing agents in affective disorders, their pharmacokinetic profiles have afforded the psychiatrist well-tolerated medications, particularly when used alone or in combination with lithium. The discussion of pharmacokinetic properties that follows will help the practicing psychiatrist avoid untoward dose-related side effects, while maximizing the desired therapeutic effects with these agents.