Transcription factors in autoimmune diseases.

The analysis of the molecular basis of autoimmune diseases is currently under intense investigation. The identification of novel mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of these diseases generates the possibility for the development of new therapeutic agents. In this review we summarize the results leading to novel insights concerning the molecular processes involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematodes, multiple sclerosis and diabetes type 1. We focus on the role of transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappa B, activator protein 1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, vitamin D receptor and the glucocorticoid receptor that mediate pro- and anti-inflammatory effects and therefore represent direct or indirect targets for therapeutic intervention.