Involvement of 14-3-3 signaling protein binding in the functional regulation of the transcriptional activator REPRESSION OF SHOOT GROWTH by gibberellins.

REPRESSION OF SHOOT GROWTH (RSG) is a tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) transcriptional activator with a basic Leu zipper domain that regulates endogenous amounts of gibberellins (GAs) by the control of a GA biosynthetic enzyme. The 14-3-3 signaling proteins have been suggested to suppress RSG by sequestering it in the cytoplasm. Here, we show that RSG phosphorylation on Ser-114 is important for 14-3-3 binding. We found that GA levels regulate the intracellular localization of RSG. RSG translocated into the nucleus in response to a reduction in GA levels. GA treatment could reverse this nuclear accumulation. The GA-induced disappearance of RSG-green fluorescent protein from the nucleus did not depend on protein degradation. By contrast, the mutant RSG (S114A) that could not bind to 14-3-3 continued to be localized predominantly in the nucleus after GA application. Analysis of the mRNA levels of GA biosynthetic genes showed that the feedback regulation of the GA 20-oxidase gene was inhibited in transgenic plants expressing a dominant negative form of RSG. Our results suggest that RSG is negatively modulated by GAs by 14-3-3 binding and might be involved in GA homeostasis.