Reciprocal retinal transplantation: a tool for the study of an inherited retinal degeneration.

The pathogenesis of retinal degeneration in rd mutant mice has been extensively studied, the gene responsible for the defect has been cloned, and the neural retina has been identified as the primary site for the degeneration. However, the possible contributory role of the ocular environment in this form of retinal degeneration remains undetermined. Retinal transplantation, which provides the opportunity to implant the neural retinal into a genetically defined intraocular environment, was used to examine this possibility. A reciprocal retinal transplantation paradigm was designed based on three experimental groups: (1) normal immature retina transplanted into rd/rd mutant eyes, (2) rd/rd immature retina transplanted into normal eye, and (3) normal immature retina transplanted into normal eyes. The rates of survival and histological characteristics of the grafts were compared between the three groups. At post-transplantation Day 3 (PTD 3), there were no differences between the three groups. Between PTD 10 and 15, the retinal grafts in group 1 showed degeneration. In contrast, the retinal grafts in groups 2 and 3 survived and developed well. At PTD 30, the retinal grafts in both groups 1 and 2 showed degeneration, but the retinal grafts in group 3 survived and remained differentiated well. These results suggest that the retinal degeneration of rd mice may be caused by both a deficit of the neural retina and intraocular environmental changes which are elicited either as a result of mutation or as a sequel to retinal degeneration.