Trichosporonosis in a tertiary care cancer center: risk factors, changing spectrum and determinants of outcome.

To assess the spectrum and outcome of trichosporonosis (TS) in cancer patients, we reviewed the medical records of 17 such patients with TS. TS presented most commonly as fungemia (n = 10, including 7 with central-venous-catheter-related infection) and either pulmonary or soft tissue infection (n = 3, each). Most patients (65%) had acute leukemia, 11 (65%) had neutropenia, and 9 (53%) had received high doses of corticosteroids. 10 patients had breakthrough TS during therapy with at least 1 of the following: amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, and voriconazole. The 30-d crude mortality rate was 53%. Predictors of mortality by using univariate analysis included: high median APACHE II score (p < 0.01), use of high dose of corticosteroids (p = 0.01), and admission to the intensive care unit (p < 0.01). TS is associated with a high mortality rate in cancer patients. The spectrum of infection at our institution has shifted from a predominance of disseminated infection to CVC-related fungemias without evidence of tissue invasion.