The history of clinical renal transplant.

After pioneeristic clinical and experimental work done by Jaboulay and Carrel in Lyon at the begining of the XX century, it was only in 1936 that Yu Yu Voronoy in Ukraine and then in 1945 Landsteiner and Hufnagel in Boston, USA, transplanted human kidneys. In 1955 Murray reported the first successful homotransplantation in identical twins and he later received the Nobel Prize in 1990 for this achievement. These milestones associated to the broadening of knowledge in the field of tissue typing, allowed the diffusion of kidney and other organ transplantation.