Delivery of therapeutic aerosols to intubated babies.

Delivery of drug aerosols to the lungs of ventilated neonates by metered dose inhaler and spacer (Aerochamber) and ultrasonic nebuliser (Pentasonic) was assessed using sodium cromoglycate. The mean proportion of a known intratracheal dose of sodium cromoglycate excreted in the urine of four intubated infants was 37.5%. After assuming that 38% of the sodium cromoglycate aerosol reaching the neonatal lung will be excreted in the urine, three puffs (15 mg) delivered by metered dose inhaler and spacer resulted in a pulmonary dose of 258 micrograms (1.7%, n = 7). A dose of 20 mg (4 ml) sodium cromoglycate ultrasonically nebulised over five minutes into the inspiratory limb of a standard ventilator circuit produced a pulmonary dose of 257 micrograms (1.3%, n = 7). Of two in vitro lung models assessed, a combination of filter and neonatal test lung was superior to a multistage impactor in estimating the in vivo pulmonary sodium cromoglycate dose delivered by metered dose inhaler and spacer (243 micrograms v 1740 micrograms).