Ubiquitin ligases in malignant lymphoma.

The highly controlled degradation of proteins via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway represents a key mechanism for cell regulation and homeostasis. Ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis, carried out in large part by the E3 ubiquitin ligases, is a critical mode of post-translational modification that is important in regulation of cell cycle progression, signal transduction, gene transcription, antigen receptor signaling, immune response and cell differentiation. Recent studies demonstrate that increasing numbers of proteins with ubiquitin ligase activity are being characterized. Identification and characterization of their substrates indicate that they regulate the turnover of key cell cycle proteins (p27Kip1, p21Cip1, p57Kip2, cyclin E), tumor suppressor proteins (p53, RB), signaling kinases (Src, Zap70, PI-3 kinase), apoptosis regulators (Bcl-2, Bax, Bik) and transcription factors (Myc, NF-kappaB, E1F1), all of which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of malignant lymphoma. Studies to determine the functional role of ubiquitin ligases in the pathogenesis of malignant lymphoma represent potential areas of investigation.