The Rashomon effect: organization ethics in health care.

The Academy-Award winning 1950 Japanese movie Rashomon depicts an incident involving an outlaw, a rape or seduction of a woman, and a murder or suicide of her husband. A passer-by, who is also the narrator, explains how the story is told to officials from four different perspectives: that of the outlaw, the woman, the husband and himself. The four narratives agree that the outlaw, wandering through the forest, came upon the woman on a horse being led by her husband; the outlaw tied up the husband, sex took place between the woman and the outlaw in front of the bound husband, and the husband was found dead. The narratives do not agree on how these events occurred or who killed the husband. The outlaw contends that consensual sex occurred between him and the wife, and he claims to have killed the husband. The wife depicts the sex as rape and claims that because of her disgrace she killed her husband. The husband, through a medium, says that the sexual act began as rape and ended in consent, and that in shame, after being untied by the outlaw he killed himself. The passer-by's story agrees with the husband's account of the sex and the bandit's account of the murder. Because the passer-by is also the narrator of the film, we tend to believe his version. But what actually took place is never resolved.