Pathogenesis and prevention of biomaterial centered infections.

One of the major drawbacks in the use of biomedical materials is the occurrence of biomaterials centered infections. After implantation, the host interacts with a biomaterial by forming a conditioning film on its surface and an immune reaction towards the foreign material. When microorganisms can reach the biomaterials surface they can adhere to it. Adhesion of microorganisms to an implant is mediated by their physico-chemical surface properties and the properties of the biomaterials surface itself. Subsequent surface growth of the microorganisms will lead to a mature biofilm and infection, which is difficult to eradicate by antibiotics. The purpose of this review is to give an overview of the mechanisms involved in biomaterials centered infection and the possible methods to prevent these infections.