Chronic exertional compartment syndrome.

Chronic exertional compartment syndrome is an overuse condition affecting primarily active, athletic people. Its etiology is unclear, but several theories have been proposed. The syndrome is characterized by recurrent, often severe muscle compartment pain that occurs with vigorous exercise and subsides with rest. Physical examination usually provides little helpful information. Compartment pressure measurement before and after exercise is the mainstay of objective diagnosis. Conservative management has been highly unsuccessful. Overall, considerable success can be expected from fasciotomy of the involved compartments followed by a rigorous rehabilitation program, though recurrence of symptoms is a reported complication. Recent research efforts have focused on the development of less invasive and more accurate diagnostic modalities and safer and more effective surgical procedures.