Anaesthesia for neurosurgery in the sitting position.

The sitting position offers many advantages in terms of surgical access for posterior fossa and posterior cervical spine surgery. However, these advantages must be balanced against the risks which include venous and paradoxical arterial air embolism, cerebral and myocardial ischaemia secondary to hypotension, and complications of the positioning itself. These are largely in the domain of the neuroanaesthetist. In this paper, therefore, we will review the advantages, disadvantages and management of complications of the sitting position, from the neuroanaesthetist's perspective.