Analysis of the type IV secretion system-dependent cell motility of Helicobacter pylori-infected epithelial cells.

The pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori-associated disorders is strongly dependent on a specialized type IV secretion system (T4SS) encoded by the cag pathogenicity island (PAI). Cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) is the only known H. pylori protein translocated into the host cell followed by tyrosine phosphorylation through host protein kinases. H. pylori induces cellular processes which are either PAI- or CagA-dependent (e.g., cell motility), PAI-dependent, but CagA-independent (e.g., interleukin-8 release), or PAI- and CagA-independent (e.g., cyclooxygenase-2 release). Here, we investigated H. pylori strains mutated in single PAI genes of the wild type strain Hp26695 and their effects on cell motility. We found 17 gene products out of 27 PAI genes playing a superordinated role and five PAI-encoded proteins exhibiting a clearly critical role in motogenic host cell responses, whereas the remaining five PAI gene products had no significant influence on the motogenic response in reaction to H. pylori infection. This study clearly demonstrated that H. pylori-induced cell motility and invasive growth involve type IV secretion system-dependent signalling as well as translocated and phosphorylated CagA. These findings reveal a deeper insight in to the meaning of the T4SS of H. pylori for host cell motility.