Production and release of yessotoxins by the dinoflagellates Protoceratium reticulatum and Lingulodinium polyedrum in culture.

The presence of YTX was confirmed in Protoceratium reticulatum cultures and detected for the first time in Lingulodinium polyedrum cultures, mainly in the cells but also, to a lesser extent, dissolved in the culture medium. The production of yessotoxins (YTXs) by cultures of different strains of P. reticulatum and L. polyedrum was studied with liquid chromatography coupled to fluorometric detection using the dienophile reagent DMEQ-TAD and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. When comparing toxin production at different stages of culture growth, larger amounts of toxins were observed in the cellular fraction and in the culture medium at the last stage of the culture (day 21) in both species. Although YTX was detected in culture medium, with this study it was not possible to explain which is the release mechanism of the toxin in the medium.