Involvement of cytochrome c release and caspase activation in toosendanin-induced PC12 cell apoptosis.

Our previous study showed that toosendanin, a triterpenoid derivative isolated from a Chinese traditional medicine, could induce apoptosis in PC12 cells. In this study we confirmed the apoptosis-inducing effect of toosendanin in PC12 cells with new evidences in morphology and biochemistry: the shrinkage of cytosol, the condensation and fragmentation of nuclei and the formation of DNA ladder. It was also demonstrated that toosendanin decreased the PC12 cell viability in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. To elucidate the pathway linked with the toosendanin-induced apoptosis, the cytochrome c in the cytosol and the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) were examined. The obtained results showed that toosendanin caused the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytosol and then led to the activation of caspase, indicating that the cytochrome c release and caspase activation were involved in the toosendanin-induced apoptosis process. These results suggested the possibility that toosendanin could serve as a candidate for anti-cancer drug.