Mothers' arms--the past and future locus of neonatal care?

With the advent of neonatal intensive care, medical professionals inserted themselves between the baby and its family. Even for healthy newborn, the mother could only get to her infant with permission from the medical staff and then only for limited periods and in a very restricted manner. Family-centered care restored the family's right to full access to their baby, but as generally practiced(and certainly as NICUs are currently designed) medical professionals still view the infant as a solitary individual who sleeps most of the time in a bed. Future NICU design should recognize that the baby must spend most of its time in its mother's arms to get the full benefit of her sensory environment as experienced throughout our evolution. NICUs must therefore be planned to facilitate this extended proximity as much as possible (ie, not just providing for parents at the bedside with the bed as the locus of care, but transforming the preferred and predominant locus of care from the bed to the parents' arms, with the design changes inherent to that concept). Designing our units to facilitate this interaction will not assure that it will always occur, but it will guarantee that we have not created permanent structural features that interfere with this crucial relationship.