Stephen J Fortunato1, Salvatore J Lombardi, Ramkumar Menon. 1. The Perinatal Research Center of The Women's Health Research and Education Foundation, The Women's Hospital at Centennial Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, USA. fortunat@edge.net
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study compares the immune responsiveness of amniochorionic membranes (AC) derived from African American (AA) and white (C) women to an infectious stimulus ex vivo. STUDY DESIGN: AC derived from AA and C women were placed in an organ explant culture for 48 hours and then stimulated with endotoxin. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay measured the concentration of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and soluble TNF receptors (sTNFR1 and sTNFR2) in culture media from stimulated and unstimulated AC. RESULTS: The C group produced 8-fold more TNF-alpha after stimulation than did the AA group. Both soluble receptor (R1 and R2) production increased in the C group and decreased in the AA group after stimulation. Although the C group-derived membranes produced more MMP9 at rest, a 6-fold increase in MMP9 concentration was seen in the AA group-derived membranes after stimulation. No change in MMP9 concentration was seen after stimulation of the C group-derived membranes. CONCLUSION: Although the C group produced more TNF, they also produce higher sTNFRs, which may serve a protective role. The increased MMP9 release by the AA group may be suggestive of the greater risk of premature rupture of membranes in the AA group.
OBJECTIVE: This study compares the immune responsiveness of amniochorionic membranes (AC) derived from African American (AA) and white (C) women to an infectious stimulus ex vivo. STUDY DESIGN: AC derived from AA and C women were placed in an organ explant culture for 48 hours and then stimulated with endotoxin. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay measured the concentration of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and soluble TNF receptors (sTNFR1 and sTNFR2) in culture media from stimulated and unstimulated AC. RESULTS: The C group produced 8-fold more TNF-alpha after stimulation than did the AA group. Both soluble receptor (R1 and R2) production increased in the C group and decreased in the AA group after stimulation. Although the C group-derived membranes produced more MMP9 at rest, a 6-fold increase in MMP9 concentration was seen in the AA group-derived membranes after stimulation. No change in MMP9 concentration was seen after stimulation of the C group-derived membranes. CONCLUSION: Although the C group produced more TNF, they also produce higher sTNFRs, which may serve a protective role. The increased MMP9 release by the AA group may be suggestive of the greater risk of premature rupture of membranes in the AA group.
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