BACKGROUND: High-frequency ultrasound is effective for noninvasive phenotypic analysis of cardiovascular development and function in mutagenized fetal mice. However, lacking is a normative database of echocardiographic variables for monitoring growth and cardiovascular function. METHODS: C57BL/6J fetal mice were scanned in utero using an ultrasound system with a 15-MHz linear phased-array transducer. Pregnant mothers were anesthetized with 1% isoflurane mixed with 100% oxygen. Quantitative variables for monitoring fetal growth and cardiac function were obtained in several imaging planes and modalities. RESULTS: Fetal growth measurements increased linearly. Inflow velocities showed significant A-wave dominance. The E wave progressively increased during development. Cardiac function was best assessed through M-mode analysis, but short-axis images were difficult to obtain. Spectral Doppler was readily obtained and the myocardial performance index was calculated. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide an essential foundation for the evaluation of cardiovascular defects in mutagenized and transgenic mice.
BACKGROUND: High-frequency ultrasound is effective for noninvasive phenotypic analysis of cardiovascular development and function in mutagenized fetal mice. However, lacking is a normative database of echocardiographic variables for monitoring growth and cardiovascular function. METHODS: C57BL/6J fetal mice were scanned in utero using an ultrasound system with a 15-MHz linear phased-array transducer. Pregnant mothers were anesthetized with 1% isoflurane mixed with 100% oxygen. Quantitative variables for monitoring fetal growth and cardiac function were obtained in several imaging planes and modalities. RESULTS: Fetal growth measurements increased linearly. Inflow velocities showed significant A-wave dominance. The E wave progressively increased during development. Cardiac function was best assessed through M-mode analysis, but short-axis images were difficult to obtain. Spectral Doppler was readily obtained and the myocardial performance index was calculated. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide an essential foundation for the evaluation of cardiovascular defects in mutagenized and transgenic mice.
Authors: Sheryl E Koch; Kevin J Haworth; Nathan Robbins; Margaret A Smith; Navneet Lather; Ahmad Anjak; Min Jiang; Priyanka Varma; W Keith Jones; Jack Rubinstein Journal: Ultrasound Med Biol Date: 2013-06-19 Impact factor: 2.998
Authors: Kristopher M Cumbermack; Jun Cheng; Yibing Nong; William T Mahle; Ronald W Joyner; William L Border; Mary B Wagner; Derek A Fyfe; Traci Leong; Yanggan Wang Journal: Pediatr Cardiol Date: 2010-11-21 Impact factor: 1.655
Authors: Jessica E Wagenseil; Christopher H Ciliberto; Russell H Knutsen; Marilyn A Levy; Attila Kovacs; Robert P Mecham Journal: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol Date: 2010-05-21 Impact factor: 4.733
Authors: M Zamyadi; L Baghdadi; J P Lerch; S Bhattacharya; J E Schneider; R M Henkelman; J G Sled Journal: Physiol Genomics Date: 2010-08-03 Impact factor: 3.107