The chronobiology of the Natal mole-rat, Cryptomys hottentotus natalensis.

The Natal mole-rat, Cryptomys hottentotus natalensis, rarely, if ever, is exposed to external light cues because it occurs in completely sealed tunnel systems. As a result, their classical visual system is regressed, and therefore, their circadian system is expected proportionally to be expanded. Locomotor activity was investigated under a number of different photic regimes. Nine of the 12 mole-rats exhibited endogenous circadian rhythms of locomotor activity under constant darkness, with a mean free run period of 24.13 h (range 23.93-24.13 h), with these animals entrained to a light-dark cycle (12 L:12 D). Because C. hottentotus natalensis are able to entrain their locomotor activity to an external light source, light must reach the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), suggesting a functional circadian clock. A clear day-night rhythm of melatonin secretion in animals housed under a neutral photoperiod (12 L:12 D) was observed, with higher melatonin concentrations in the dark compared with the light phase. The rhythm was maintained after the animals were transferred to either continuous light (LL) or dark (DD), suggesting that the endogenous rhythm was maintained under acute exposure to light and dark. However, under DD, the rhythm appeared to shift slightly, potentially as a result of the rhythm free running. These results show that C. hottentotus natalensis has endogenous rhythms of both locomotor activity and melatonin secretion, which are modulated by light.