Solvent abuse-related toluene leukoencephalopathy.

The clinical and neuropathological features of a man with solvent vapour-abuse leukoencephalopathy due to toluene is described. The findings suggest that the clinical spectrum of toluene leukencepathalopathy includes dementia with prominent prefrontal dysfunction. In addition, there was evidence of ongoing white matter damage in the form of persistence of PAS-positive macrophages among the demyelinated fibres in the cerebrum and cerebellum, despite the absolute abstinence from toluene for years prior to death.