Anesthesia for minimally invasive surgery.

Minimally invasive surgery has become the surgical approach of choice for a number of operative procedures in adults, but remains a challenge in children, especially the youngest, due to the physiologic changes that occur during the procedure as well as limitations posed by equipment. These surgical techniques can present unique problems to the pediatric anesthesiologist in designing and implementing the anesthetic management plan. In this article, we will outline the physiologic impact, anesthetic management, and potential challenges and complications associated with minimally invasive surgery in children.