Severe hepatitis C infection in a renal transplant recipient following hepatitis C genotype mismatch transplant.

We report a case of a 32-year-old female with histologically and clinically inactive chronic hepatic C infection, who received a cadaveric renal transplant from a hepatitis C-positive donor with a different genotype. The genotype mismatch (genotype 1 to genotype 2) and change to tacrolimus-based immunosuppression resulted in severe hepatitis C infection characterized by a 10-fold increase in transaminase levels and grade 3 inflammation histologically. Our report highlights the risk of genotype-mismatch transplants in solid organ transplantation.