Recombination, GC-content and the human pseudoautosomal boundary paradox.

The pseudoautosomal boundary of mammalian sex chromosomes separates a low-recombination region (X- or Y-specific) from a high-recombination region (the pseudoautosomal region), providing a good opportunity to investigate the influence of recombination on molecular evolutionary processes. The mouse and human patterns of sequence variation, however, are discordant: a striking difference of GC-content and evolutionary rate was reported between the proximal and distal sides of the pseudoautosomal boundary in the mouse genome, whereas this difference was not found in the human genome. The paradox might be explained by the mirror histories of the pseudoautosomal boundary in the two species, and by the asymmetric nature of the forces driving GC-content evolution in mammalian genomes.