OBJECTIVES: The essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree oil) and its components have antimicrobial activity against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi and viruses. The mechanism(s) by which Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCTC 10662 maintains a decreased susceptibility to tea tree oil and components was investigated. RESULTS: Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid enhanced the antimicrobial activity of tea tree oil and terpinen-4-ol against stationary phase P. aeruginosa while polymyxin B nonapeptide enhanced the activity of tea tree oil and gamma-terpinene. Pre-treatment with the protonophore carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone increased the susceptibility of exponential phase cells to sub-inhibitory concentrations of tea tree oil, terpinen-4-ol and gamma-terpinene, indicating that intrinsic tolerance to tea tree oil and components is substantially energy dependent. CONCLUSIONS: Increased tolerance to tea tree oil in P. aeruginosa is directly related to the barrier and energy functions of the outer membrane, and may involve efflux systems.
OBJECTIVES: The essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea treeoil) and its components have antimicrobial activity against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi and viruses. The mechanism(s) by which Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCTC 10662 maintains a decreased susceptibility to tea treeoil and components was investigated. RESULTS:Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid enhanced the antimicrobial activity of tea treeoil and terpinen-4-ol against stationary phase P. aeruginosa while polymyxin B nonapeptide enhanced the activity of tea treeoil and gamma-terpinene. Pre-treatment with the protonophore carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone increased the susceptibility of exponential phase cells to sub-inhibitory concentrations of tea treeoil, terpinen-4-ol and gamma-terpinene, indicating that intrinsic tolerance to tea treeoil and components is substantially energy dependent. CONCLUSIONS: Increased tolerance to tea treeoil in P. aeruginosa is directly related to the barrier and energy functions of the outer membrane, and may involve efflux systems.
Authors: Ammar Algburi; Nicole Comito; Dimitri Kashtanov; Leon M T Dicks; Michael L Chikindas Journal: Appl Environ Microbiol Date: 2017-01-17 Impact factor: 4.792
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Authors: Ruth Schmidt; Desalegn W Etalo; Victor de Jager; Saskia Gerards; Hans Zweers; Wietse de Boer; Paolina Garbeva Journal: Front Microbiol Date: 2016-01-05 Impact factor: 5.640