BACKGROUND: Dysfunctional antigen presentation may underlie the impaired antibody response to hepatitis B vaccination in hemodialysis patients. Dendritic cells are considered to be the most important antigen presenting cells, but their presence and function in hemodialysis patients is unclear. Granulocyte-monocyte-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has been given successfully to hemodialysis patients to increase the proportion of responders to hepatitis B vaccination. Although GM-CSF acts on both monocytes and dendritic cells, the mechanisms underlying its adjuvant quality are largely unknown. METHODS: In this study we analyzed monocytes and dendritic cells in the peripheral blood of hemodialysis patient that had responded to a standard hepatitis B vaccination procedure (responders), patients who had not responded (nonresponders), and healthy controls. The nonresponders were given two additional booster vaccines, both preceded by administration of GM-CSF the day before. RESULTS: After two booster vaccinations with GM-CSF, six out of seven patients developed a protective antibody response to hepatitis B. The memory T-cell response to tetanus toxoid was significantly lower in nonresponders compared to controls. The monocytes of dialysis patients and healthy controls showed a similar expression of relevant cell surface molecules. However, the numbers of circulating dendritic cells were on average 50% reduced compared to healthy controls, with a further reduction after GM-CSF administration. This was accompanied by a decrease of T-cell proliferation in antigen presentation assays. Monocytes showed increased major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, CD54, and CD40 expression, while their antigen-presenting capacity remained unchanged. CONCLUSION: GM-CSF is an effective adjuvant for hepatitis B vaccination in primary nonresponding hemodialysis patients, but paradoxically decreases the antigen presenting capacity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the number of circulating dendritic cells.
BACKGROUND: Dysfunctional antigen presentation may underlie the impaired antibody response to hepatitis B vaccination in hemodialysis patients. Dendritic cells are considered to be the most important antigen presenting cells, but their presence and function in hemodialysis patients is unclear. Granulocyte-monocyte-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has been given successfully to hemodialysis patients to increase the proportion of responders to hepatitis B vaccination. Although GM-CSF acts on both monocytes and dendritic cells, the mechanisms underlying its adjuvant quality are largely unknown. METHODS: In this study we analyzed monocytes and dendritic cells in the peripheral blood of hemodialysis patient that had responded to a standard hepatitis B vaccination procedure (responders), patients who had not responded (nonresponders), and healthy controls. The nonresponders were given two additional booster vaccines, both preceded by administration of GM-CSF the day before. RESULTS: After two booster vaccinations with GM-CSF, six out of seven patients developed a protective antibody response to hepatitis B. The memory T-cell response to tetanus toxoid was significantly lower in nonresponders compared to controls. The monocytes of dialysis patients and healthy controls showed a similar expression of relevant cell surface molecules. However, the numbers of circulating dendritic cells were on average 50% reduced compared to healthy controls, with a further reduction after GM-CSF administration. This was accompanied by a decrease of T-cell proliferation in antigen presentation assays. Monocytes showed increased major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, CD54, and CD40 expression, while their antigen-presenting capacity remained unchanged. CONCLUSION:GM-CSF is an effective adjuvant for hepatitis B vaccination in primary nonresponding hemodialysis patients, but paradoxically decreases the antigen presenting capacity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the number of circulating dendritic cells.
Authors: D A Hesselink; L M B Vaessen; W C J Hop; W Schoordijk; J N M Ijzermans; C C Baan; W Weimar Journal: Clin Exp Immunol Date: 2005-05 Impact factor: 4.330
Authors: R W J Meijers; N H R Litjens; E A de Wit; A W Langerak; A van der Spek; C C Baan; W Weimar; M G H Betjes Journal: Clin Exp Immunol Date: 2013-12 Impact factor: 4.330