COX-2 inhibition in upper aerodigestive tract tumors.

Evidence continues to accumulate that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an inducible COX isoform, represents a potential pharmacological target for the prevention and treatment of cancer, including tumors affecting the entire upper aerodigestive tract. Studies in experimental models of these malignancies show that selective COX-1 inhibitors reduce tumor formation and growth. Clinical studies have been initiated to determine the chemoprotective effects of selective COX-2 inhibitors in patients with oral leukoplakia and Barrett's esophagus, and other studies are assessing the feasibility of incorporating these agents into existing treatment modalities for patients with locally advanced or metastatic cancer.