Sleep-wake disturbances in people with cancer part II: evaluating the evidence for clinical decision making.

PURPOSE/
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the quality of evidence on sleep-wake disturbances in people with cancer as a basis for clinical decision making and to discuss implications of the evidence for oncology clinicians, educators, and researchers. DATA SOURCES: Published, peer-reviewed articles. DATA SYNTHESIS: Members of the 2001 Oncology Nursing Society (ONS) Advanced Practice Nurse Retreat Evidence-Based Practice Sleep Working Group selected and evaluated data sources using criteria and processes outlined by ONS.
CONCLUSIONS: The development of nursing science related to sleep-wake disturbances among people with cancer and the application of research findings to clinical decision making are limited by the quantity and quality of published evidence. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: Clinicians are challenged to develop a plan of care that includes the assessment of sleep-wake disturbances and interventions to address them. Nurse educators are challenged to include sleep-wake content and skills to evaluate empirical data and interventions for sleep-wake disturbances in degree and continuing education curricula. Nurse researchers are challenged to specify consistent conceptual and operational definitions of key variables in sleep-wake models, use measurement instruments with evidence of reliability and validity, and design clinical trials to test interventions for sleep-wake disturbances among people with cancer.