Resource use and cost of care for patients hospitalised with community acquired pneumonia: impact of adherence to infectious diseases society of america guidelines.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare the inpatient resource use and cost of care for patients hospitalised with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) who were treated with preferred antibacterial therapy according to the 1998 Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guidelines with those who were not treated with preferred therapy.
METHODS: A multicentre, observational study was conducted in Florida between 1999 and 2000. Hospitalised adult patients (aged > or = 18 years) started on antibacterial therapy for suspected or confirmed CAP were enrolled in the study. Data collected included patient demographic characteristics, pneumonia risk class, resource use (pharmacy, laboratory, radiology, respiratory services, hospital room and board) and economic data. Risk classification according to Fine et al.'s criteria was determined for each patient. Patient's antibacterial therapy was classified as being preferred or non-preferred according to the 1998 IDSA guidelines. Resource utilisation and cost of care were compared between these two groups.
RESULTS: Ninety-nine patients were enrolled in the study. The average age was 60.6 years +/- 20.5 years. The percentage of patients in each risk class (according to Fine et al.) were 11.1% in class I, 39.4% in class II, 29.3% in class III, 16.2% in class IV and 4% in class V. The mean cost of hospitalisation per admission (excluding physician cost) was US 3,490 dollars +/- US 3,058 dollars (median US 2,430 dollars) with hospital room/board accounting for the largest percentage (83.7%), followed by laboratory (8.1%), antibacterial (4.6%), radiology (2.6%) and respiratory (0.9%) cost centres [year 2000 values]. The majority of patients (75.8%) received preferred antibacterials according to the IDSA guidelines. The group treated with preferred antibacterials had a shorter mean length of hospital stay (4.5 vs 6.8 days, p = 0.002), a lower total cost of hospitalisation (mean US 3,009 dollars +/- US 2,682 dollars vs US 4,992 dollars +/- US 3,686 dollars; median US 2,047 dollars vs US 3,805 dollars, p = 0.021) and lower antibacterial costs (mean US 117 dollars +/- US 79 dollars vs US 301 dollars +/- US 409 dollars; median US 97 dollars vs US 171 dollars, p = 0.038) compared with patients who did not receive preferred therapy.
CONCLUSION: Implementation of protocols according to IDSA guidelines may result in cost savings to institutions wishing to reduce the economic burden associated with treating hospitalised patients for CAP.