Partition function, metastability, and kinetics of the escape transition for an ideal chain.

An end-tethered polymer chain squeezed between two pistons undergoes an abrupt transition from a confined coil state to an inhomogeneous flower-like conformation partially escaped from the gap. We present a rigorous analytical theory for the equilibrium and kinetic aspects of this phenomenon for a Gaussian chain. Applying the analogy with the problem of the adsorption of an ideal chain constrained by one of its ends, we obtain a closed analytical expression for the exact partition function. Various equilibrium thermodynamic characteristics (the fraction of imprisoned segments, the average compression, and lateral forces) are calculated as a function of the piston separation. The force versus separation curve is studied in two complementary statistical ensembles, the constant force and the constant confinement width ones. The differences in these force curves are significant in the transition region for large systems, but disappear for small systems. The effects of metastability are analyzed by introducing the Landau free energy as a function of the chain stretching, which serves as the order parameter. The phase diagram showing the binodal and two spinodal lines is presented. We obtain the barrier heights between the stable and metastable states in the free energy landscape. The mean first passage time, i.e., the lifetime of the metastable coil and flower states, is estimated on the basis of the Fokker-Planck formalism. Equilibrium analytical theory for a Gaussian chain is complemented by numerical calculations for a lattice freely jointed chain model.