Activation of trigeminal nociceptive neurons by parotid PAR-2 activation in rats.

To clarify involvement of protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) in parotid pain, we examined whether PAR-2 activation in the parotid gland could activate trigeminal nociceptive neurons in anesthetized rats, by analyzing immunoreactive Fos as a nociceptive marker. Either the PAR-2 agonist SLIGRL-NH2 or capsaicin, injected into the parotid duct, caused expression of Fos in the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis, although the PAR-2-inactive reversed peptide had no such effect. The Fos expression caused by PAR-2 activation was inhibited by ablation of capsaicin-sensitive sensory neurons. Intraductal SLIGRL-NH2 did not increase vascular permeability in the parotid gland. Our data thus reveal that activation of PAR-2 in the parotid gland can cause activation of trigeminal nociceptive neurons via capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves most probably by a non-inflammatory mechanism.