Understanding HIV-1 drug resistance.

Infection with drug-resistant HIV-1 may result from the acquisition of mutant strains or from their selection within the individual; either can compromise the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Drug-resistance testing is recommended to assist in the choice of ART. Herein, factors that contribute to the selection of drug-resistant virus and details important to the interpretation of the genotypic and phenotypic susceptibility test results are reviewed.