Surface complexation of copper(II) on soil particles: EPR and XAFS studies.

The interactions of transition metals with natural systems play an important role in the mobility and the bioavailability of these metals in soils. In this study, the adsorption of copper(II) onto natural soil particles was studied as a function of pH and metal concentration. The retention capacity of soil particles was determined at pH 6.2 to be equal to 6.7 mg of copper/g of solid. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equations were then used to describe the partitioning behavior of the system at different pH values. A combination of EPR, extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), and X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopies was used to probe the Cu atomic environment at the soil particles/aqueous interface. The spectroscopic study revealed that copper(II) ions are held in inner-sphere surface complexes. It also revealed that Cu was in an octahedral coordination with first-shell oxygen atoms. A weak tetragonal distortion was pointed out due to the Jahn-Teller effect, with a mean Cu-Oequatorial bond distance of 1.96 A and a Cu-Oaxial bond distance of 2.06 A. A detailed analysis of the spectroscopic data suggested that Cu(II) was bonded to organic matter coated onto the mineral fraction of soil particles.