OBJECTIVE: To compare cytokine levels in serum from non-pregnant women with a history of recurrent miscarriage with those found in non-pregnant women with no such history. STUDY DESIGN: Two patient groups were enrolled into the study. Group 1 comprised 25 non-pregnant women with no history of recurrent miscarriage. Group 2 comprised 50 non-pregnant women who had a history of at least three previous miscarriages. Fifteen of these women have since become pregnant again--10 had a successful pregnancy and five miscarried. Serum levels of IL-4, IFN gamma, IL-12 and IL-18 were measured. RESULTS: Results showed IFN gamma ( 0.68 +/- 0.72 versus 0.45 +/- 0.29 P < 0.05) and IL-12 levels (66 +/- 25 versus 51 +/- 24 P < 0.05) were significantly higher in Group 2 compared to Group 1. Levels of IL-18 were significantly lower in Group 2 patients (318 +/- 140 versus 246 +/- 219 P < 0.05). Of the 15 women who became pregnant, those who miscarried again had significantly higher IL-18 levels when not pregnant than those women whose next pregnancies went successfully to term (547 +/- 20 versus 274 +/- 129 P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that women with a history of recurrent miscarriage can have abnormal cytokine expression even when not pregnant. This may influence the potential for future successful immune modulatory therapy.
OBJECTIVE: To compare cytokine levels in serum from non-pregnant women with a history of recurrent miscarriage with those found in non-pregnant women with no such history. STUDY DESIGN: Two patient groups were enrolled into the study. Group 1 comprised 25 non-pregnant women with no history of recurrent miscarriage. Group 2 comprised 50 non-pregnant women who had a history of at least three previous miscarriages. Fifteen of these women have since become pregnant again--10 had a successful pregnancy and five miscarried. Serum levels of IL-4, IFN gamma, IL-12 and IL-18 were measured. RESULTS: Results showed IFN gamma ( 0.68 +/- 0.72 versus 0.45 +/- 0.29 P < 0.05) and IL-12 levels (66 +/- 25 versus 51 +/- 24 P < 0.05) were significantly higher in Group 2 compared to Group 1. Levels of IL-18 were significantly lower in Group 2 patients (318 +/- 140 versus 246 +/- 219 P < 0.05). Of the 15 women who became pregnant, those who miscarried again had significantly higher IL-18 levels when not pregnant than those women whose next pregnancies went successfully to term (547 +/- 20 versus 274 +/- 129 P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that women with a history of recurrent miscarriage can have abnormal cytokine expression even when not pregnant. This may influence the potential for future successful immune modulatory therapy.
Authors: Brian W Whitcomb; Enrique F Schisterman; Mark A Klebanoff; Mona Baumgarten; Xiaoping Luo; Nasser Chegini Journal: Fertil Steril Date: 2007-08-13 Impact factor: 7.329
Authors: C B Okeke Ogwulu; I Goranitis; A J Devall; V Cheed; I D Gallos; L J Middleton; H M Harb; H M Williams; A Eapen; J P Daniels; A Ahmed; R Bender-Atik; K Bhatia; C Bottomley; J Brewin; M Choudhary; S Deb; W C Duncan; A K Ewer; K Hinshaw; T Holland; F Izzat; J Johns; M Lumsden; P Manda; J E Norman; N Nunes; C E Overton; K Kriedt; S Quenby; S Rao; J Ross; A Shahid; M Underwood; N Vaithilingham; L Watkins; C Wykes; A W Horne; D Jurkovic; A Coomarasamy; T E Roberts Journal: BJOG Date: 2020-01-30 Impact factor: 6.531
Authors: Anne Schumacher; Stefanie Ehrentraut; Markus Scharm; Hongsheng Wang; Roland Hartig; Herbert C Morse; Ana Claudia Zenclussen Journal: Front Immunol Date: 2018-05-15 Impact factor: 7.561