The dependence of shrinkage stress reduction on porosity concentration in thin resin layers.

The development of polymerization contraction stress was determined as a function of the surface area of porosity, so that the contribution of voids in resin composite to stress relief could be investigated. Experiments were carried out on 200-microns-thick layers of resin bonded from wall to wall in a restrained condition. The resin samples were divided into three groups: Group A was without porosity, group B contained a small number of pores, and group C contained a large number of pores in comparison with group B. For each group, porosity area, maximal stress, and stress development rate were determined. The mean maximal stress and stress development rate were inversely proportional to the mean porosity surface. These characteristics differed significantly (p less than 0.01) between group A and C. For determination of whether shrinkage stress reduction has to be ascribed to flow from the outer surfaces of the voids or to inhibition of the setting reaction by oxygen in the voids, resin containing only nitrogen bubbles was also tested. The results indicated that both aspects contributed substantially to shrinkage stress relief. Incorporation of pores by the stirring of a luting cement contributes to stress reduction and can therefore be considered as a contribution to the maintenance of marginal integrity.