| Literature DB >> 15221119 |
Abstract
Anaesthesiologists must be familiar with the particularities of the respiratory physiology of newborns and infants when providing perioperative care to these patients. Even brief periods of inadequate respiratory support can cause atelectatrauma and volutrauma which in turn can have deleterious cardiorespiratory consequences and accentuate pre-existing lung disease. A variety of respirators and respiratory support strategies are available and should be selected to meet a patient's particular needs. Optimal PEEP and normal tidal volumes during conventional ventilation, high volume strategy during high frequency ventilation, and permissive hypercapnia are the corner stones of a lung protective strategy. Using an interdisciplinary approach, surgery in the intensive care unit using total intravenous anaesthesia with the uninterrupted use of the ICU equipment is an attractive option for the most vulnerable patients in this age group.Entities:
Mesh:
Substances:
Year: 2004 PMID: 15221119 PMCID: PMC7095974 DOI: 10.1007/s00101-004-0708-y
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Anaesthesist ISSN: 0003-2417 Impact factor: 1.041
| Indikation zur Atemunterstützung | Neugeborene |
|---|---|
| Gestörter Atemantrieb | Zentrale/gemischte Apnoen (Frühgeborene) |
| Peripartale Asphyxie mit HIE | |
| Sepsis | |
| Medikamentös | |
| Obere Atemwegsobstruktion | Obstruktive/gemischte Apnoen (Frühgeborene) |
| Choanalstenosen/atresien | |
| Pierre-Robin-Syndrom | |
| Floppy Epiglottis | |
| Laryngomalazie | |
| Stimmbandparesen (primär/erworben) | |
| Subglottische Stenosen (primär/erworben) | |
| Tracheo- und/oder Bronchomalazie (primär/erworben) | |
| Extrapulmonale Erkrankung | Zwerchfellparesen |
| Zwerchfellhochstand | |
| Thoraxfehlbildungen | |
| Sepsis ohne Pneumonie | |
| Postoperativ | |
| Lungenerkrankung | Hyaline Membranenkrankheit (Frühgeborene) |
| „Wet lung“ (TTN) | |
| Mekoniumaspiration (± PAH) | |
| Sepsis mit Pneumonie (± zentrale Apnoen) | |
| „Air leaks“ | |
| PPHN |
HIE hypoxisch-ischämische Enzephalopathie, PAH pulmonal-arterielle Hypertonie, PPHN persistierende pulmonale Hypertonie des Neugeborenen, TTN transiente Tachypnoe des Neugeborenen
| Indikation zur Atemunterstützung | Säuglinge |
|---|---|
| Gestörter Atemantrieb | Enzephalopathie/Enzephalitis |
| Hirndrucksymptomatik | |
| Medikamentös | |
| RSV-Infektion | |
| Pertussis-Infektion | |
| Obere Atemwegsobstruktion | Postoperative Schwellung |
| Stimmbandparesen | |
| Subglottische Stenosen | |
| Tracheo- und/oder Bronchomalazie | |
| Luftwegsobstruktion durch mediastinalen Prozess | |
| RSV-Infektion | |
| Extrapulmonale Erkrankung | Zwerchfellparesen |
| Zwerchfellhochstand | |
| Sepsis ohne Pneumonie | |
| Fehlende Schutzreflexe (Schädelhirntrauma) | |
| Postoperativ | |
| Lungenerkrankung | Pneumonie |
| RSV-Bronchiolitis | |
| Status asthmaticus | |
| ARDS | |
| „Air leaks“ |
RSV “respiratory syncytial virus“

| Parameter | Neugeborene | Erwachsene |
|---|---|---|
| TLC | 50 ml/kg KG | 5.000 ml |
| FRC | 25 ml/kg KG | 2.500 ml |
| AZV | 5 ml/kg KG | 500 ml |
| VD/AZV | 0,3 | 0,3 |
| AMV | 240–300 ml/kg KG/min | 6.000–7.500 ml/min |
| Compliance | 1,5–2 ml/cmH2O/kg KG | 250 ml/cmH2O |
| Resistance | 20–40 cmH2O/L/s | 1–2 cmH2O/L/s |
| TC | 0,05 s | 0,25 s |
AMV Atemminutenvolumen; AZV Atemzugvolumen; FRC “functional residual capacity“; RV “residual volume“; TC „time constant“; TLC „total lung capacity“; V Totraumvolumen [6]




