BACKGROUND: Aflatoxins and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections are important risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study assesses the population-attributable risk of these two factors, both jointly and separately, with respect to HCC. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted in Sudan between 1996 and 1998. Among 114 cases and 198 controls the consumption of peanut butter (a major source of aflatoxins) and HBV infection were investigated, as were drinking and smoking habits. RESULTS: A clear dose-response relation was observed between increasing peanut butter consumption and HCC in people without HBV infection. Age-adjusted odds ratios for peanut butter consumption, HBV infection, and for the combination of both factors were, respectively, 5.1 (95% confidence interval = 1.8-13.9), 32.2 (4.0-257), and 41.5 (11.2-155). In this study, about 80% of the HCC cases are attributable to either peanut butter consumption or HBV infection. Depending on assumptions in the data analysis, 27-60% of all cases can be attributed to aflatoxin exposure and 49-52% to HBV infection; of these figures, 7-34% reflect a shared responsibility of the two factors. CONCLUSIONS: Both reduction of aflatoxin contamination of foods and HBV vaccination may be useful public health strategies in HCC prevention in Sudan. Copyright 2004 Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
BACKGROUND:Aflatoxins and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections are important risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study assesses the population-attributable risk of these two factors, both jointly and separately, with respect to HCC. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted in Sudan between 1996 and 1998. Among 114 cases and 198 controls the consumption of peanutbutter (a major source of aflatoxins) and HBV infection were investigated, as were drinking and smoking habits. RESULTS: A clear dose-response relation was observed between increasing peanutbutter consumption and HCC in people without HBV infection. Age-adjusted odds ratios for peanutbutter consumption, HBV infection, and for the combination of both factors were, respectively, 5.1 (95% confidence interval = 1.8-13.9), 32.2 (4.0-257), and 41.5 (11.2-155). In this study, about 80% of the HCC cases are attributable to either peanutbutter consumption or HBV infection. Depending on assumptions in the data analysis, 27-60% of all cases can be attributed to aflatoxin exposure and 49-52% to HBV infection; of these figures, 7-34% reflect a shared responsibility of the two factors. CONCLUSIONS: Both reduction of aflatoxin contamination of foods and HBV vaccination may be useful public health strategies in HCC prevention in Sudan. Copyright 2004 Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Authors: Masao Omata; Laurentius A Lesmana; Ryosuke Tateishi; Pei-Jer Chen; Shi-Ming Lin; Haruhiko Yoshida; Masatoshi Kudo; Jeong Min Lee; Byung Ihn Choi; Ronnie T P Poon; Shuichiro Shiina; Ann Lii Cheng; Ji-Dong Jia; Shuntaro Obi; Kwang Hyub Han; Wasim Jafri; Pierce Chow; Seng Gee Lim; Yogesh K Chawla; Unggul Budihusodo; Rino A Gani; C Rinaldi Lesmana; Terawan Agus Putranto; Yun Fan Liaw; Shiv Kumar Sarin Journal: Hepatol Int Date: 2010-03-18 Impact factor: 6.047
Authors: Heather Strosnider; Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartner; Marianne Banziger; Ramesh V Bhat; Robert Breiman; Marie-Noel Brune; Kevin DeCock; Abby Dilley; John Groopman; Kerstin Hell; Sara H Henry; Daniel Jeffers; Curtis Jolly; Pauline Jolly; Gilbert N Kibata; Lauren Lewis; Xiumei Liu; George Luber; Leslie McCoy; Patience Mensah; Marina Miraglia; Ambrose Misore; Henry Njapau; Choon-Nam Ong; Mary T K Onsongo; Samuel W Page; Douglas Park; Manish Patel; Timothy Phillips; Maya Pineiro; Jenny Pronczuk; Helen Schurz Rogers; Carol Rubin; Myrna Sabino; Arthur Schaafsma; Gordon Shephard; Joerg Stroka; Christopher Wild; Jonathan T Williams; David Wilson Journal: Environ Health Perspect Date: 2006-12 Impact factor: 9.031