[An update on probiotics and prebiotics in children].

This review presents an update on the use of probiotics and prebiotics in children. We review the normal flora, and present the possible mechanisms by which the probiotic bacteria exert their beneficial effects. We present data from multiple studies suggesting that probiotics are effective for the treatment and prevention of acute non-bloody infections diarrhea, antibiotic associated diarrhea as well as the prevention and treatment of atopic dermatitis and other allergic conditions. The safety and future directions of pro- and prebiotic treatments are discussed.