Impulsive choice in inbred strains of mice.

When humans or non-humans are given a choice between receiving a sooner-smaller (SS) reinforcer, or a later-larger (LL) reinforcer, the choice of a SS reinforcer represents impulsive choice whereas the choice of a LL reinforcer represents self-controlled choice. It has been suggested that both biological and genetic factors influence impulsive/self-control choice in this paradigm. In the present study, the inbred strains of BALB/c, C57BL/6, and DBA/2 mice were given a choice to press one of two levers in an operant chamber. Depending on their choice, mice received either a smaller reinforcer (one pellet delivered after 6s) sooner (SS) or a larger reinforcer (two pellets after 6, 9, 12, 18, or 30s) later (LL). Mice preference for the larger reinforcer decreased with longer delays. More importantly, the BALB/c mice chose the SS reinforcer more often than the C57BL/6 mice under the 9- and 12-s delays, and more often than the DBA/2 mice under the 9-s delay. This indicates that the choice pattern of the BALB/c strain is more "impulsive" than the other strains and suggests that specific gene configurations influence impulsive choice in mice.