Apolipoprotein E receptors are required for reelin-induced proteasomal degradation of the neuronal adaptor protein Disabled-1.

The cytoplasmic adaptor protein Disabled-1 (Dab1) is necessary for the regulation of neuronal positioning in the developing brain by the secreted molecule Reelin. Binding of Reelin to the neuronal apolipoprotein E receptors apoER2 and very low density lipoprotein receptor induces tyrosine phosphorylation of Dab1 and the subsequent activation or relocalization of downstream targets like phosphatidylinositol 3 (PI3)-kinase and Nckbeta. Disruption of Reelin signaling leads to the accumulation of Dab1 protein in the brains of genetically modified mice, suggesting that Reelin limits its own action in responsive neurons by down-regulating the levels of Dab1 expression. Here, we use cultured primary embryonic neurons as a model to demonstrate that Reelin treatment targets Dab1 for proteolytic degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. We show that tyrosine phosphorylation of Dab1 but not PI3-kinase activation is required for its proteasomal targeting. Genetic deficiency in the Dab1 kinase Fyn prevents Dab1 degradation. The Reelin-induced Dab1 degradation also depends on apoER2 and very low density lipoprotein receptor in a gene-dose dependent manner. Moreover, pharmacological blockade of the proteasome prevents the formation of a proper cortical plate in an in vitro slice culture assay. Our results demonstrate that signaling through neuronal apoE receptors can activate the ubiquitin-proteasome machinery, which might have implications for the role of Reelin during neurodevelopment and in the regulation of synaptic transmission.