Split lesions of the peroneus brevis tendon in the Japanese population: an anatomic and histologic study of 112 cadaveric ankles.

Split lesions of the peroneus brevis tendon are believed to be rare and have received little attention in populations of Asian countries. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of split lesions in the Japanese population. The peroneus tendons of 112 ankles from 30 male and 26 female adult human embalmed cadavers with an average age of 76.9 years (range, 55-93) were dissected. The presence of split lesions, determined by either thinning or longitudinal splitting of the peroneus brevis tendon, was examined. Forty-two ankles (37.5%) had split lesions, of which 21 (50%) showed a thinning appearance without splitting, and 12 (28.6%) had well-defined, full-thickness longitudinal tears. The incidence of split lesions of the peroneus brevis tendon in the Japanese population was similar to that in studies of the U.S. population, but the condition of the lesions was less severe. Although the clinical presence is expected to be extremely rare, we must consider a neglected split lesion of the peroneus brevis tendon when residual pain is observed in the retrofibular location. The Japanese Orthopaedic Association