BACKGROUND: The matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are a family of proteolytic enzymes involved in facilitating cancer metastasis. Protease-activated receptors (PARs) have previously been shown to be involved in pathways of MMP upregulation by tumor cells. METHODS: Two androgen independent prostate cancer cell lines, PC3 and DU-145, and one androgen dependent prostate cancer line LNCaP, were investigated. PAR expression was detected using RT-PCR and immunofluorochemistry (IFC) techniques. MMP activity assays were used to quantify the levels of MMP-2 and -9 on all three prostate cell lines after PAR activation. RESULTS: RT-PCR and IFC showed the presence of PAR-1 and PAR-2 in all cell lines investigated, only LNCaP showed PAR-3 and PAR-4 expression. Increased levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity, up to sevenfold depending on prostate cancer cell line, following PAR activation by specific PAR peptides was shown. CONCLUSION: Preliminary studies show the activation of PAR-1 or PAR-2 produced increased levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity in prostate cancer cell lines, indicating their potential role in the metastasis of prostate cancer cells. Copyright 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
BACKGROUND: The matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are a family of proteolytic enzymes involved in facilitating cancer metastasis. Protease-activated receptors (PARs) have previously been shown to be involved in pathways of MMP upregulation by tumor cells. METHODS: Two androgen independent prostate cancer cell lines, PC3 and DU-145, and one androgen dependent prostate cancer line LNCaP, were investigated. PAR expression was detected using RT-PCR and immunofluorochemistry (IFC) techniques. MMP activity assays were used to quantify the levels of MMP-2 and -9 on all three prostate cell lines after PAR activation. RESULTS: RT-PCR and IFC showed the presence of PAR-1 and PAR-2 in all cell lines investigated, only LNCaP showed PAR-3 and PAR-4 expression. Increased levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity, up to sevenfold depending on prostate cancer cell line, following PAR activation by specific PAR peptides was shown. CONCLUSION: Preliminary studies show the activation of PAR-1 or PAR-2 produced increased levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity in prostate cancer cell lines, indicating their potential role in the metastasis of prostate cancer cells. Copyright 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Authors: Myung-hee Kim; Thomas M Bodenstine; Lucretia A Sumerel; Angel A Rivera; Andrew H Baker; Joanne T Douglas Journal: Cancer Biol Ther Date: 2006-12-07 Impact factor: 4.742
Authors: Susan Wilson; Brett Greer; John Hooper; Andries Zijlstra; Brian Walker; James Quigley; Susan Hawthorne Journal: Biochem J Date: 2005-06-15 Impact factor: 3.857