Rheumatoid arthritis of the wrist.

The wrist is the most commonly involved joint in the upper extremity of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Up to 75% of patients will develop wrist problems during the course of the disease. Cartilage degeneration and synovitis cause the typical skeletal erosions, ligamentous laxity, deformity, and tendon problems seen in the disease. Treatment involves a multidisciplinary approach with careful coordination of the primary care physician, rheumatologist, orthopaedic surgeon, and other members of the care team. As rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic, polyarticular disease, it is critical to consider the entire patient in any management decision. Initial management is usually non-operative and involves pharmacological treatment, activity modification, and possibly bracing. Operative treatments are geared to limit the negative effects of the disease, namely pain, loss of function, and deformity. Numerous procedures have been described. Common procedures from tenosynovectomy/synovectomy, distal radio-ulnar joint arthroplasty, arthrodesis, and total wrist arthroplasty are reviewed.