A chronicle of organ transplant progress in Japan.

This study records the progress of organ transplantation in Japan by reviewing significant developments in five areas: actual transplant legislation; landmark cases notably affecting public impressions of organ transplants; efforts to establish brain death criteria; action on the part of the Japan Medical Association; and current attempts to legislate on brain death. The account demonstrates how the notions of both brain death and heart transplantation have met with strong resistance. The first and only heart transplant occurred in 1968. Through its historical emphasis, this report reveals that, although opposition has not impeded transplant research, the determination of death and the idea of heart transplants remain highly controversial due to specific religious, philosophical, and cultural factors.