Treatment of small cell lung cancer in the elderly based on a critical literature review of clinical trials.

At diagnosis, 25-40% of patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) are 70 years of age or older, and many of them have been undertreated because of fear of excessive toxicity associated with chemotherapy. Papers retrieved by a Medline search using the key words "elderly or older" and "small cell lung cancer" and by a manual search were classified into the three types: (1) case-series studies, (2) subgroup analyses of phase II and phase III trials by age, and (3) prospective clinical trials in the elderly. Treatment regimens, delivery, toxicity, antitumor activity, and patient survival were reviewed in elderly patients with good and poor general condition. The standard chemotherapy regimens for the general population could be applied to elderly patients in good general condition (performance status of 0-1, normal organ function, and no comorbidity), but etoposide and carboplatin regimen with dose modification was frequently used for unselected elderly patients. A combination of full-dose thoracic radiotherapy and chemotherapy was the treatment of choice for limited SCLC in the elderly. Full cycles of chemotherapy were tolerable by 80% of the elderly patients with good general condition, but two cycles may be optimal for unselected elderly patients. Although the evidence levels based on clinical trials available today are low, these results are helpful for clinical practice and future clinical trials for elderly patients with SCLC.