Effect of activation temperature on the textural and chemical properties of potassium hydroxide activated carbon prepared from pistachio-nut shell.

The effect of activation temperature on the textural and chemical properties of activated carbons prepared from pistachio-nut shells by potassium hydroxide activation was studied. Relatively high activation temperature was required to develop high porosities. However, too high an activation temperature resulted in the burn-off of the carbon structures and the widening of micropores to meso- and macropores. The microstructures and microcrystallinities of the carbons prepared were examined using a scanning electron microscope and a powder X-ray diffraction analyzer, respectively, while the Fourier transform infrared spectra indicated the changes in the surface functional groups that were formed during the different preparation stages.