Accelerated start-up and enhanced granulation in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors.

In the present study, the effects of a cationic polymer on reactor start-up and granule development were evaluated. A control reactor R1 was operated without adding polymer, while the other five reactors designated R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 were operated with different polymer concentrations of 20, 40, 80, 160 and 320 mg/L, respectively. Experimental results demonstrated that adding the polymer at a concentration of 80 mg/L markedly accelerated the start-up time. The time required to reach stable treatment at an organic loading rate (OLR) of 4 g COD/L.d was reduced by approximately 50% in R4 as compared with the control reactor. The same reactor with 80 mg/L polymer was able to achieve an OLR of 12 g COD/L.d after 59 days of operation, while R1, R2, R3, R5 and R6 achieved the same loading rate at much longer period of 104, 80, 69, 63 and 69 days, respectively. Comparing with the control reactor, the start-up time of R4 was shortened markedly by about 43% at this OLR, while other reactors also recorded varying degree of shortening. Monitoring on granule development showed that the granule formation was accelerated by 30% from the use of the appropriate dosage of polymer. Subsequent granules characterization indicated that the granules developed in R4 with 80 mg/L polymer exhibited the best settleability, strength and methanogenic activity at all OLRs. The organic loading capacities of reactors were also increased by the polymer addition. The maximum organic loading of the control reactor was 24 g COD/L.d, while the polymer-assisted reactor added with 80 mg/L polymer attained a markedly increased organic loading of 40 g COD/L.d. The laboratory results obtained demonstrated that adding the cationic polymer could result in shortening of start-up time and enhancement of granulation, which in turn lead to improvement in organics removal efficiency and loading capacity of the UASB system.